任何编程语言的简写技巧都能够帮助你编写更简练的代码,让你用更少的代码实现你的目标。让我们一个个来看看 JavaScript 的简写技巧吧。
1. 声明变量
//Longhand
let x;
let y = 20;
//Shorthand
let x, y = 20;//Longhand
let a, b, c;
a = 5;
b = 8;
c = 12;
//Shorthand
let [a, b, c] = [5, 8, 12];//Longhand
let marks = 26;
let result;
if(marks >= 30){
result = 'Pass';
}else{
result = 'Fail';
}
//Shorthand
let result = marks >= 30 ? 'Pass' : 'Fail';//Longhand
let imagePath;
let path = getImagePath();
if(path !== null && path !== undefined && path !== '') {
imagePath = path;
} else {
imagePath = 'default.jpg';
}
//Shorthand
let imagePath = getImagePath() || 'default.jpg';与 (&&)
短路形式书写。//Longhand
if (isLoggedin) {
goToHomepage();
}
//Shorthand
isLoggedin && goToHomepage();与 (&&)
短路写法比较有用。例如:<div> { this.state.isLoading && <Loading /> } </div>
let x = 'Hello', y = 55;
//Longhand
const temp = x;
x = y;
y = temp;
//Shorthand
[x, y] = [y, x];//Longhand
function add(num1, num2) {
return num1 + num2;
}
//Shorthand
const add = (num1, num2) => num1 + num2;
参考:JavaScript Arrow function
https://jscurious.com/javascript-arrow-function/
//Longhand
console.log('You got a missed call from ' + number + ' at ' + time);
//Shorthand
console.log(`You got a missed call from ${number} at ${time}`);//Longhand
console.log('JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a\n' + 'programming language that conforms to the \n' +
'ECMAScript specification. JavaScript is high-level,\n' +
'often just-in-time compiled, and multi-paradigm.' );
//Shorthand
console.log(`JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification. JavaScript is high-level, often just-in-time compiled, and multi-paradigm.`);indexOf()
或includes()
方法。//Longhand
if (value === 1 || value === 'one' || value === 2 || value === 'two') {
// Execute some code
}
// Shorthand 1
if ([1, 'one', 2, 'two'].indexOf(value) >= 0) {
// Execute some code
}
// Shorthand 2
if ([1, 'one', 2, 'two'].includes(value)) {
// Execute some code
}let firstname = 'Amitav';
let lastname = 'Mishra';
//Longhand
let obj = {firstname: firstname, lastname: lastname};
//Shorthand
let obj = {firstname, lastname};parseInt
和parseFloat
可以用来将字符串转为数字。我们还可以简单地在字符串前提供一个一元运算符 (+) 来实现这一点。//Longhand
let total = parseInt('453');
let average = parseFloat('42.6');
//Shorthand
let total = +'453';
let average = +'42.6';for
循环。但是使用repeat()
方法,我们可以一行代码就搞定。//Longhand
let str = '';
for(let i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
str += 'Hello ';
}
console.log(str); // Hello Hello Hello Hello Hello
// Shorthand
'Hello '.repeat(5);'sorry\n'.repeat(100);
Math.pow()
方法来得到一个数字的幂。有一种更短的语法来实现,即双星号 (**)。//Longhand
const power = Math.pow(4, 3); // 64
// Shorthand
const power = 4**3; // 64Math.floor()
方法的缩写。//Longhand
const floor = Math.floor(6.8); // 6
// Shorthand
const floor = ~~6.8; // 6
来自 Caleb 的评论的改进: 双非位运算符只对 32 位整数有效,例如 (2**31)-1 = 2147483647。所以对于任何大于 2147483647 的数字,双非位运算符 (~~) 都会给出错误的结果,这种情况下推荐使用 Math.floor() 方法。
我们可以使用 for 循环来遍历数组中的每一个值,然后找出最大或最小值。我们还可以使用 Array.reduce() 方法来找出数组中的最大和最小数字。
// Shorthand
const arr = [2, 8, 15, 4];
Math.max(...arr); // 15
Math.min(...arr); // 2for
循环。我们可以使用for...of
来遍历数组。为了获取每个值的索引,我们可以使用for...in
循环。let arr = [10, 20, 30, 40];
//Longhand
for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
console.log(arr[i]);
}
//Shorthand
//for of loop
for (const val of arr) {
console.log(val);
}
//for in loop
for (const index in arr) {
console.log(arr[index]);
}for...in
循环来遍历对象属性。let obj = {x: 20, y: 50};
for (const key in obj) {
console.log(obj[key]);
}
参考:JavaScript 中遍历对象和数组的不同方法
https://jscurious.com/different-ways-to-iterate-through-objects-and-arrays-in-javascript/
18. 合并数组
let arr1 = [20, 30];
//Longhand
let arr2 = arr1.concat([60, 80]);
// [20, 30, 60, 80]
//Shorthand
let arr2 = [...arr1, 60, 80];
// [20, 30, 60, 80]
为了深拷贝一个多级对象,我们要遍历每一个属性并检查当前属性是否包含一个对象。如果当前属性包含一个对象,然后要将当前属性值作为参数递归调用相同的方法(例如,嵌套的对象)。
我们可以使用JSON.stringify()
和JSON.parse()
,如果我们的对象不包含函数、undefined、NaN 或日期值的话。
let obj = {x: 20, y: {z: 30}};
//Longhand
const makeDeepClone = (obj) => {
let newObject = {};
Object.keys(obj).map(key => {
if(typeof obj[key] === 'object'){
newObject[key] = makeDeepClone(obj[key]);
} else {
newObject[key] = obj[key];
}
});
return newObject;
}
const cloneObj = makeDeepClone(obj);
//Shorthand
const cloneObj = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));
//Shorthand for single level object
let obj = {x: 20, y: 'hello'};
const cloneObj = {...obj};
来自评论的改进:如果你的对象包含 function, undefined or NaN 值的话,JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj)) 就不会有效。因为当你 JSON.stringify 对象的时候,包含 function, undefined or NaN 值的属性会从对象中移除。因此,当你的对象只包含字符串和数字值时,可以使用
JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj))
。
参考:JSON.parse() 和 JSON.stringify()
https://jscurious.com/difference-between-json-parse-and-json-stringify/
20. 获取字符串中的字符
let str = 'jscurious.com';
//Longhand
str.charAt(2); // c
//Shorthand
str[2]; // c